CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Well..here are the example from conditional sentence.
 This is Beyonce's song called "If I Were A Boy"



If I Were A Boy lyrics
Songwriters: Carlson, Britney; Gad, Toby; Knowles, Beyonce;

If I were a boy even just for a day
I'd roll out of bed in the morning
And throw on what I wanted
And go drink beer with the guys

And chase after girls
I'd kick it with who I wanted
And I'd never get confronted for it
'Cause they stick up for me

If I were a boy
I think I could understand
How it feels to love a girl
I swear I'd be a better man

I'd listen to her
'Cause I know how it hurts
When you lose the one you wanted
'Cause he's taking you for granted
And everything you had got destroyed

If I were a boy
I would turn off my phone
Tell everyone it's broken
So they'd think that I was sleeping alone

I'd put myself first
And make the rules as I go
'Cause I know that she'd be faithful
Waiting for me to come home, to come home
(From: http://www.elyrics.net/read/b/beyonce-lyrics/if-i-were-a-boy-lyrics.html)

If I were a boy
I think I could understand
How it feels to love a girl
I swear I'd be a better man

I'd listen to her
'Cause I know how it hurts
When you lose the one you wanted
'Cause he's taking you for granted
And everything you had got destroyed

It's a little too late for you to come back
Say it's just a mistake
Think I'd forgive you like that
If you thought I would wait for you
You thought wrong

But you're just a boy
You don't understand
And you don't understand, oh
How it feels to love a girl
Someday you wish you were a better man

You don't listen to her
You don't care how it hurts
Until you lose the one you wanted
'Cause you're taking her for granted
And everything you had got destroyed
But you're just a boy

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and Indirect Speech




When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.



Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech. Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples. With indirect speech, the use of that is optional.

Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.” Þ simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.” Þ past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect
He said, “I have gone to school every day.” Þ past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þ past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive
He said, “I was going to school every day.” Þ perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.” Þ would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þ present progressive
He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?” Þ simple past
He asked me if I went to school every day.*
He asked me where I went to school.
imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.” Þ infinitive
He said to go to school every day.



*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech, then a construction with if or whether is used. If a WH question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions.

The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.


Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present
He says, “I go to school every day.” Þ simple present + simple present
He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present
He has said, “I go to school every day.” Þ present perfect + simple present
He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past
He was saying, “I went to school every day.” Þ past progressive + simple past
He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
past progressive + past perfect
He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
future + simple present
He will say, “I go to school every day.” Þ future + simple present
He will say (that) he goes to school every day.


Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used.


Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
can
He said, “I can go to school every day.” Þ could
He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may
He said, “I may go to school every day.” Þ might
He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might
He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must
He said, “I must go to school every day.” Þ had to
He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to
He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should
He said, “I should go to school every day.” Þ should
He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to
He said, “I ought to go to school every day.” Þ ought to
He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.



While not all of the possibilities have been listed here, there are enough to provide examples of the main rules governing the use of indirect or reported speech. For other situations, try to extrapolate from the examples here, or better still, refer to a good grammar text or reference book.

Some other verbs that can be used to introduce direct speech are: ask, report, tell, announce, suggest, and inquire. They are not used interchangeably; check a grammar or usage book for further information.

Sourced by :
http://www.athabascau.ca/courses/engl/155/support/direct_and_indirect_speech.htm

Renungan untuk Saya, Anda, Kita Semua

Pernah gak sih lo ngomongin orang?
Gw yakin banget gak ada satu pun di dunia yang gak pernah ngomongin orang.
Geezzz...if you don't know me, don't ever judge me!

Kadang emang kita ngomongin orang itu enak banget..tapi, bagaimana kalo Anda sendiri yang diomongin orang? Gw yakin banget gak ada juga orang yang mau diomongin dalam hal negatif. Kalo positif sih yah oke2 aja yah :D
Bagaimana kalo kita ada di posisi orang yang kita omongin? Lo tau lo diomongin negatif pasti gak enak banget yah. So, kalo gak mau diomongin orang, jangan suka ngomongin orang. hehehe.
Dan kalo kita gak tau persis duduk masalah yang dihadapi orang itu, gak usah sok tau :p
Coba tempatkan posisi kita di posisi orang lain :)

So, people! Buka mata kita semua. MASIH BANYAK HAL LAIN YANG LEBIH PENTING DARIPADA NGOMONGIN ORANG. Gw pribadi kesel banget kalo ada orang yang bisik-bisik depan gw trus ngomongin orang..maannn..gak ada kerjaan lain apa hidup lo?

Tulisan ini buat dijadiin renungan aja sih, mari diaplikasikan dalam hidup masing-masing..
Renungan buat Saya, Anda, Kita semua :)


Tuhan gak pernah ngajarin kita untuk ngomongin orang kan? hehehe..

So, if you don't know me, don't judge me!
Only GOD can judge me..not you :) 

..GOD BLESS YOU, PEOPLE.. 

ONE WORD : TRUST

JESUS NEVER LEAVES US

1831 - ia mengalami kebangkrutan dalam usahanya.
1832 - ia menderita kekalahan dalam pemilihan tingkat lokal.
1833 - ia kembali menderita kebangkrutan.
1835 - istrinya meninggal dunia.
1836 - ia menderita tekanan mental, sehingga hampir saja masuk rumah sakit jiwa.
1837 - ia menderita kekalahan dalam suatu kontes pidato.
1840 - ia gagal dalam pemilihan anggota senat Amerika Serikat.
1842 - ia menderita kekalahan untuk duduk di dalam kongres Amerika Serikat.
1848 - ia kalah lagi di konggres Amerika Serikat.
1855 - ia gagal lagi di senat Amerika Serikat.
1856 - ia kalah dalam pemilihan untuk menduduki kursi wakil presiden Amerika Serikat.
1858 - ia kalah lagi di senat Amerika Serikat.
1860 - ia menjadi presiden Amerika Serikat.
kita mengenalnya sebagai Abraham Lincoln.

Everthing happens for a reason, and everything’s beautiful in HIS time..

Kenapa saya bilang seperti itu?

Tuhan mempunyai cara dan waktuNya sendiri untuk membuat semuanya indah..terkadang saya merasa Tuhan meninggalkan saya, entah dalam masalah saya atau pergumulan saya.

TAPIIIII...Ingat bahwa Tuhan TIDAK PERNAH meninggalkan saya, Saya yang meninggalkanNya.

Saya selalu percaya bahwa masalah yang terjadi itu semata-mata hanya kana untuk membuktikan kemurnian iman Saya. Seberapa besarkah iman saya terhadap Tuhan saya?

Tuhan mempunyai waktuNya sendiri.

Lihat Abraham Lincoln!

Betapa besar pergumulan dan tantangan yang ia hadapi, but at the end, dia bisa menjadi seorang Presiden. What a miracle!

PERCAYA!

Satu kata yang mudah diucapkan tetapi sulit untuk melaksanakannya. 

Tuhan berkata "Percayalah padaKu dengan segenap hati"

Kalau Tuhan seudah berbicara seperti itu, otomatus yang kita perlu lakukan adalah PERCAYA!

Kalau kita merasa Tuhan adalah Bapa kita, harusnya tidak ada yang perlu dikhawatirkan bukan? Tuhan tidak lalai menepati janjiNya. Tuhan adalah setia dan Dia SELALU menepati janjiNya..

all you have to do is....Trust HIM..

Percayalah bahwa Tuhan tidak akan pernah meninggalkan saya dan Anda :) 

Lihat bagaimana pengorbanan yang Tuhan lakukan untuk menebus dosa kita semua..

Dia rela mati untuk saudara dan saya..

Saya belum yakin kalau ada orang yang ingin di Salib seperti Yesus untuk menunjukan betapa besar kasih terhadap kita.

JESUS LOVES YOU :)

MANUSIA DAN PENDERITAAN

Kita semua tahu apa itu penderitaan. Kita bahkan mengalaminya. Orang biasa bilang bahwa penderitaan itu seperti bayangan yang selalu ada sepanjang badan. Kadang-kadang bayangan itu di belakang kita sehingga kita tidak menyadari keberadaannya. Tetapi sering juga bayangan itu membentang di depan. Penderitaan menjadi sangat jelas dan mencekam.

Penyebab penderitaan juga macam-macam. Ia datang kepada kita dalam bentuk sakit, gagal dalam usaha, diperlakukan secara tidak adil, mengalami duka cita karena kematian orang yang kita kasihi, musibah seperti bencana alam. Singkatnya ada banyak penyebab penderitaan. Apa pun penyebabnya, penderitaan selalu ada. Ia seperti bayang-bayang yang selalu menyertai hidup. Hanya orang yang sudah meninggal saja yang tidak mengenal dan mengalami penderitaan. Atau mungkin juga orang mati menderita. Kita belum tahu itu, karena kita belum mengalami sendiri.

Baru-baru saja kita dikagetkan dengan terjadinya bencana alam di Indonesia secara berurutan. Bencana Merapi, Mentawai dan Wasior merupakan fenomena yang mengagetkan dan terjadi begitu cepat tanpa kita duga.Penderitaan selalu ada. Manusia tidak bisa berbuat lain kecuali menghadapinya. Itu sebabnya adalah penting untuk kita merenungkan makna penderitaan itu. Mungkin kita tidak suka melakukannya. Tetapi karena penderitaan itu merupakan fakta yang tidak terhindarkan, kita harus menerimanya dan menemukan maknanya.

Berikut adalah gambar dari penderitaan para kornam di Merapi.

Disitulah mereka hidup sekarang. Tidak ada lagi tempat tinggal yang bisa mereka tinggali akibat dari marahnya si Merapi. Bantuan terus datang menghampiri mereka, posko bantuan pun semakin banyak. Kita sebagai saudara-saudara mereka harus peduli terhadap penderitaan yang mereka alami.

Belum habis penderitaan yang dihadapi Indonesia, lagi-lagi kita dikejutkan dengan meletusnya Gunung Bromo. Gunung Bromo di Probolinggo, Jawa Timur (Jatim), masih berstatus awas dalam
radius 3 Km. Pemprov Jatim telah melakukan persiapan untuk menghadapi kondisi terburuk yang ditimbulkan akibat letusan.
Asap dari letusan Gunung Bromo ini mengarah ke Kota Malang, Jawa Timur.
Ini merupakan penderitaan yang dialami negara Indonesia.

STUDENT SITE UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

Student Site? Apa tuh?

Bukan Mahasiswa/i Gunadarama kalo kita tidak tahu studentsite.
Setiap Mahasiswa/i yang berkuliah di Gunadarma pasti memiliki akun studentsite.

STUDENTSITE adalah akun dari Mahasiswa/i Universitas Gunadarma dimana dalam situs ini mahasiswa dapat mengetahui segala pengumuman mengenai kegiatan perkuliahan selama menjadi Mahasiswa/i Universitas Gunadarma.

Apa saja yang dapat kita ketahui dalam Studentsite?
Berikut daftar2 menu layanan studentsite :
1. Home
2. WWW News
3. BAAK News
4. Lecture Messages
5. Rangkuman Nilai
6. Jadwal Kuliah
7. Jadwal Ujian
8. Bebas Perpustakaan
9. Info Absensi
10. Pendaftaran Lomba Blog
11.Info Seminar (UG Portofolio)
12. Tulisan (UG Portofolio)
13.Tugas (UG Portofolio)
14.Deposit Library
15.Warta Warga
16.Blog Komunitas Perbankan
17.Blog Komunitas Linux
18.Blog Komunitas Fotografi
19.Blog Komunitas Robotika
20.Blog Komunitas Arsitektur
21.Blog Komunitas Ekonomi Syariah
22.Blog Komunitas Pasar Modal

Selain itu, ada KALENDER AKADEMIK juga loh...
Kita dapat melihat jadwal kita dalam 1 Semester ini.
Hanya dengan membuka satu web ini, kita dapat melihat dan mengetahui berbagai informasi sehubungan dengan kegiatan perkuliahan di Universitas Gunadarma.
Dam cukup memasukan NPM dan Password yang kita inginkan, kita dapat membuat Studentsite. Mudah bukan?
Jadi, jangan mengaku Mahasiswa/i Universitas Gunadarma kalau belum memiliki akun Studentsite.. :)

Berikut link yang dapat dibuka untuk mengakses Studensite..http://studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id/login.php

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple Past

FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

• You called Debbie.
• Did you call Debbie?
• You did not call Debbie.

Complete List of Simple Past Forms

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I traveled to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She washed her car.
• He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
• Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

• I lived in Brazil for two years.
• Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
• They sat at the beach all day.
• They did not stay at the party the entire time.
• We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
• A: How long did you wait for them?
  B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

• I studied French when I was a child.
• He played the violin.
• He didn't play the piano.
• Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
• She worked at the movie theater after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.
• Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

Examples:

• When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
• She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

Example:

• I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You just called Debbie.
• Did you just call Debbie?

To be Statements +	To be Statements -	Questions ?
I was.	I wasn't.	Was I?
He was.	He wasn't.	Was he?
She was.	She wasn't.	Was she?
It was.	It wasn't.	Was it?
You were.	You weren't.	Were you?
We were.	We weren't.	Were we?
They were.	They weren't.	Were they?

Regular Verb (to work) Statements +	Regular Verb (to work) Statements -	Questions	Short answer +	Short answer -
I worked.	I didn't work.	Did I work?	Yes, I did.	No, I didn't.
He worked.	He didn't work.	Did he work?	Yes, he did.	No, he didn't.
She worked.	She didn't work.	Did she work?	Yes, she did.	No, she didn't.
It worked.	It didn't work.	Did it work?	Yes, it did.	No, it didn't.
You worked.	You didn't work.	Did you work?	Yes you did.	No, you didn't.
We worked.	We didn't work.	Did we work?	Yes we did.	No, we didn't.
They worked.	They didn't work.	Did they work?	Yes they did.	No, they didn't.

ACTIVE/PASSIVE

Examples :
Active : Tom repired the car
Passive : The car was repired by Tom


DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Examples :
 Direct Speech

He said, “I went to school every day.”

 

Indirect Speech 

He said that he went to schoool every day